Arthur Isak Applbaum is Adams Professor of Political Leadership and Democratic Values at Harvard Kennedy School. He directed the graduate fellowship program from 1990 to 2009 and was acting director of the Center in 2004-2005 and 2007-2009. In 2013 he took up directorship of the undergraduate fellowship program. He developed and teaches the Kennedy School's core course in political ethics. Professor Applbaum's work on political philosophy and professional ethics has appeared in Philosophy & Public Affairs, Journal of the American Medical Association, Harvard Law Review, Ethics, and Legal Theory. He has written about the ethics of executioners and of butlers, and has consulted to the government about the ethics of spies. He is the author of Ethics for Adversaries: The Morality of Roles in Political and Professional Life (Princeton University Press, 1999). Recent articles include "Legitimacy Without the Duty to Obey" and "Forcing a People to Be Free." Professor Applbaum established the core course in political ethics at the Kennedy School, and also teaches the political theory field seminar in the Government Department and a freshman seminar, “What Happened in Montaigne’s Library on the Night of October 23, 1587, and Why Should Political Philosophers Care?” He has been a member of Harvard's Advisory Committee on Shareholder Responsibility and chairs the ethics advisory board of a stem cell research foundation. Applbaum holds an A.B. degree from Princeton University and an M.P.P. and Ph.D. from Harvard. He has been a Fulbright Scholar in Jerusalem and a Rockefeller Visiting Fellow at the Princeton University Center for Values.